Script
00:08 Did you ever make anything happen? Anything you couldn’t *explain*?
00:14 You’re a wizard Harry!
00:18 I’m a *what*?
00:21 Dear Mr. Potter
00:23 We are *pleased* to inform you that you have been *accepted* at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.
00:28 In a few moments you will pass through these *doors* and join your classmates.
00:34 Keep an *eye* on the staircases. They like to change.
00:40 Good afternoon class
00:44 Welcome to your first *flying* lesson
00:46 *Stick* your right hand over the broom and say “up”
00:49 Up!
00:51 Wow!
00:54 Mr Longbottom! Mr Longbottom!
00:57 Mr Longbottom *exactly* where do you think are you going?
01:00 Do you really have the…scar?
01:04 Wicked!
01:06 Mr Potter. Our new *celebrity*!
01:10 First years should note that the dark forest is strictly *forbidden*
01:16 That no magic is to be used, between the classes in the corridors
01:20 Pertrificus Totalus!
01:24 The third floor corridor is out of *bounds*..
01:28 ..to everyone who does not wish to *suffer* a most painful death
01:33 Troll in the dungeon!
01:39 *Understand* this Harry because this is very important
01:41 not all wizards are good
01:42 I’m going to bed before either of you come up with another *clever* idea which could get us killed
01:47 or worse, *expelled*
01:49 She needs to sort out her *priorities*
01:56 I think it is clear that we can expect great things from you
Risk in Childhood Development (with Japanese Dictionary)
Every year on playgrounds in the United States, about 200,000 children suffer injuries severe enough to require a hospital visit. Most are caused by falls from, or forceful contact with, playground equipment. Organizations like Safe Kids Worldwide are working to minimize the dangers children encounter in play spaces. At their urging, wood and steel equipment is being replaced with plastic and rubber structures, and the ground underneath it is covered with sand, shredded rubber, or other materials that cushion impacts. Both the play environment and playtime have also become more structured and supervised, with some places introducing laws barring children from playing in parks alone.
On the other hand, some parents, teachers, and scientists view a certain amount of risk in playgrounds and other spaces as being healthier for children’s longterm development than sheltering them from injury is. Nga Nguyen, a biologist who studies primates at California State University, Fullerton, asserts that risk in play environments “is a vital part of our animal/primate heritage. It is through our engagement with risk… that we learn how to use our bodies safely to interact with the physical and social challenges in the environment.”
Proponents of a growing worldwide movement to introduce higher levels of risk back into children’s playtime hope this change will counter the tendency toward overprotecting children. They promote spaces like “adventure playgrounds,” which encourage potentially hazardous activities such as building campfires or constructing things with bricks. Some schools are even making workbenches, complete with hammers and saws, available to children. Those who support such changes argue risk is necessary for healthy childhood development, since it involves facing challenges, problemsolving, decisionmaking, pushing limits, and building selfesteem and courage.
These factors are also behind the growing “freerange parenting” movement in the United States, which supports giving children greater independence by encouraging them to walk and ride public transportation alone, spend more time outside, and pursue their own interests. The trend drew public attention some years ago when a family in the state of Maryland was investigated for child neglect because the parents had allowed their kids, then aged six and ten, to walk 1.6 kilometers home from a park by themselves. Though the charges were ultimately dropped, the case brought awareness to laws restricting children’s independence. Commenting on this situation, supporters of freerange parenting say this way of raising children was common for most of the twentieth century, and is still accepted in many cultures worldwide.